A Frequency Estimation Scheme Based on Gaussian Average Filtering Decomposition and Hilbert Transform: With Estimation of Respiratory Rate as an Example.

Frequency estimation plays a critical role in vital sign monitoring. Methods based on Fourier transform and eigen-analysis are commonly adopted techniques for frequency estimation. Because of the nonstationary and time-varying characteristics of physiological processes, time-frequency analysis (TFA) is a feasible way to perform biomedical signal analysis. Among miscellaneous approaches, Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) has been demonstrated to be a potential tool in biomedical applications. However, the problems of mode mixing, unnecessary redundant decomposition and boundary effect are the common deficits that occur during the procedure of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) or ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). The Gaussian average filtering decomposition (GAFD) technique has been shown to be appropriate in several biomedical scenarios and can be an alternative to EMD and EEMD. This research proposes the combination of GAFD and Hilbert transform that is termed the Hilbert-Gauss transform (HGT) to overcome the conventional drawbacks of HHT in TFA and frequency estimation. This new method is verified to be effective for the estimation of respiratory rate (RR) in finger photoplethysmography (PPG), wrist PPG and seismocardiogram (SCG). Compared with the ground truth values, the estimated RRs are evaluated to be of excellent reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and to be of high agreement by Bland-Altman analysis.

Crisis Periods Detection on NASDAQ Index Via EEMD-AE

It is proposed to identify the beginning and end of the SARS-CoV-2 and subprime crises on the NASDAQ. The EEMD was used to decompose the index into consecutive series with the same number of components and their correlation coefficients were calculated, the power spectrum of the original series was also analyzed. Signals of instability associated with changes in both the components' correlations and the NASDAQ spectrum were identified. It is recommended to apply the procedure on other series and other crises;likewise, the method is based on the detection of discrepancies, thus being a monitoring tool, but not one of quantitative forecasts. The originality of the work lies in the use of the modified EEMD for the decomposition of consecutive series in the same number of components, and the use of the correlation coefficient between components and the spectrum of the original series as measures of system stability. The approach proved to be useful for identifying and anticipating large changes in the behavior of a time series. © 2022 The authors.

Dynamic characteristics and transmission mechanism of China's natural gas security situation

Building the index system of China's natural gas security and measuring the index have important meanings for on-line monitoring of natural gas safety, vigilance against potential risks of natural gas and guarantee of energy security. This paper innovatively applies the DMA-TVP-FAVAR model to build China's natural gas security comprehensive index (NGSI) from a dynamic perspective and systematically reviews its dynamic characteristics and transmission mechanism combined with the EEMD method and BP structure breaks test. The main conclusions are as follows: Since 2001, NGSI has shown a wavelike decrease. Specifically, short-term unbalanced factors mainly cause short-term fluctuation of NGSI, the effects of significant events are the main driving force for medium-term fluctuation of NGSI, and natural gas supply and demand fundamentals are the long-term inherent trend of NGSI. Besides, different monetary policy tools have different efficiency on NGSI, and price-based monetary policy instruments are more effective than quantitative monetary policy instruments. © 2022, Editorial Board of Journal of Systems Engineering Society of China. All right reserved.

Meteorological and human mobility data on predicting COVID-19 cases by a novel hybrid decomposition method with anomaly detection analysis: A case study in the capitals of Brazil.

In 2020, Brazil was the leading country in COVID-19 cases in Latin America, and capital cities were the most severely affected by the outbreak. Climates vary in Brazil due to the territorial extension of the country, its relief, geography, and other factors. Since the most common COVID-19 symptoms are related to the respiratory system, many researchers have studied the correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases with meteorological variables like temperature, humidity, rainfall, etc. Also, due to its high transmission rate, some researchers have analyzed the impact of human mobility on the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission. There is a dearth of literature that considers these two variables when predicting the spread of COVID-19 cases. In this paper, we analyzed the correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases and human mobility, and meteorological data in Brazilian capitals. We found that the correlation between such variables depends on the regions where the cities are located. We employed the variables with a significant correlation with COVID-19 cases to predict the number of COVID-19 infections in all Brazilian capitals and proposed a prediction method combining the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) method with the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Exogenous inputs (ARIMAX) method, which we called EEMD-ARIMAX. After analyzing the results poor predictions were further investigated using a signal processing-based anomaly detection method. Computational tests showed that EEMD-ARIMAX achieved a forecast 26.73% better than ARIMAX. Moreover, an improvement of 30.69% in the average root mean squared error (RMSE) was noticed when applying the EEMD-ARIMAX method to the data normalized after the anomaly detection.